Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Misalignment Poros Kopling pada Simulator PLTMH dengan Variasi Jumlah Belt terhadap Getaran dan Torsi Transmisi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37525/mz/2025-2/1584Keywords:
Getaran, Misalignment, PLTMH, Poros KoplingAbstract
Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh misalignment poros kopling terhadap kinerja sistem transmisi pulley dan belt pada simulator Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikro Hidro (PLTMH) dengan variasi jumlah belt. Eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan motor listrik tiga fasa dengan daya 2,2 kW, sistem kopling, transmisi pulley-belt, serta unit turbin air axial flow. Data dikumpulkan melalui pengukuran kelurusan poros dengan dial indikator, analisis getaran menggunakan vibration analyzer, pengukuran temperatur komponen dengan infrared thermography, serta perhitungan torsi berdasarkan daya dan kecepatan putar pada rasio pulley 1:2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi misalignment menghasilkan deviasi kelurusan hingga 0,82 mm dengan soft foot mencapai 0,65 mm, sedangkan setelah alignment deviasi turun menjadi ≤0,143 mm. Pada kondisi misalignment amplitudo getaran meningkat signifikan terutama pada arah radial dengan nilai maksimum 43,54 mm/s, serta temperatur bearing mencapai 62,8 °C, sedangkan setelah alignment nilai getaran dan temperatur menurun walau belum memenuhi standar ISO 10816/20816-3. Perhitungan torsi efektif yang ditransmisikan pada kondisi alignment berkisar antara 26,89–27,47 N.m (efisiensi belt 96–98%), sedangkan pada kondisi misalignment turun menjadi 24,65–26,04 N.m (efisiensi belt 88–93%). Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa misalignment tidak hanya meningkatkan getaran dan temperatur, tetapi juga menurunkan torsi yang ditransmisikan, sehingga berdampak pada efisiensi energi dan keandalan sistem.
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