Tantangan Pengembangan Energi Panas Bumi Dalam Perannya terhadap Ketahanan Energi di Indonesia
Keywords:
ketahanan energi, panas bumi, tantangan, IndonesiaAbstract
Indonesia adalah salah satu negara berkembang yang memiliki tidak hanya potensi sumber daya energi yang besar tapi juga laju pertumbuhan penduduk yang cukup tinggi. Untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan industri, Indonesia memerlukan pasokan energi yang cukup besar di mana saat ini konsumsi energi Indonesia masih sangat tergantung pada sumber energi tidak terbarukan seperti minyak bumi, batu bara dan gas alam. Pemanfaatan bahan bakar fosil tersebut secara berkelanjutan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca dalam jumlah besar yang menuntun kepada perubahan iklim secara global.
Pemerintah Indonesia, melalui Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 5 Tahun 2006, telah mencanangkan target untuk terwujudnya bauran energi yang optimal pada tahun 2025, di mana peran energi terbarukan terhadap konsumsi energi nasional menjadi 17%. Dalam komposisi energi terbarukan tersebut, sumber energi panas bumi mendapat porsi lebih dari 5%. Target bauran energi ini bertujuan untuk mewujudkan keamanan pasokan energi dalam negeri. Walaupun tidak secara tertulis menyebutkan adanya tujuan yang berhubungan dengan pengurangan dampak terhadap lingkungan, peningkatan bauran energi bersih akan mengurangi emisi rumah kaca di Indonesia.
Sayangnya, energi panas bumi sebagai salah satu sumber energi utama dalam kategori energi terbarukan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal di negara ini. Sejak pembangkit listrik tenaga panas bumi pertama, Kamojang-1, diresmikan di tahun 1983 sampai dengan tahun 2017, Indonesia baru berhasil memanfaatkan energi panas bumi sekitar 6% dari total potensi nasional. Studi ini, melalui penelusuran pustaka, berusaha untuk merangkum berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi oleh negara Indonesia dalam mendorong pemanfaatan energi panas bumi untuk mencapai target pemerintah di tahun 2025. Studi ini juga berusaha untuk membuat berbagai alternatif solusi untuk dapat membantu mempercepat pengembangan energi panas bumi di Indonesia
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