Perengkahan Residu Minyak Bumi PPSDM Migas dengan Metode Aquathermolysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37525/mz/2022-1/366Keywords:
Residu, Perengkahan, Kopresipitasi, AquathermolysisAbstract
Telah dilakukan perengkahan residu minyak bumi PPSDM Migas melalui reaksi The aquathermolysis reaction is carried out in a stainless steel reactor batch system with and without a catalyst at a temperature of 230 °C and aquathermolysis dengan katalis NiO/Fe3O4 untuk penurunan viskositas residu tersebut. Katalis NiO/Fe3O4 disintesis dengan metode kopresipitasi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD untuk diperoleh informasi mengenai kristalinitasnya. Reaksi aquathermolysis dilakukan dalam suatu reaktor stainless steel sistem batch dengan dan tanpa katalis pada temperatur 230 °C dan tekanan 40 psi dalam atmosfer nitrogen. Pada penelitian ini dikaji pengaruh rasio berat minyak terhadap air, rasio berat katalis terhadap reaktan, pengaruh waktu reaksi terhadap viskositas produk reaksi. Jenis dan komposisi senyawa residu dan produk reaksi dianalisis GC-MS.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa katalis yang diperoleh adalah kristal trevorite Fe1,7Ni1,43O4 dan telah menunjukkan aktivitas katalitik dalam reaksi aquathermolysis Residu PPSDM Migas. Reaksi aquathermolysis terhadap residu tanpa katalis telah meningkatkan kadar alifatik dan menurunkan kadar aromatik dalam residu sedangkan reaksi dengan katalis menurunkan kadar hidrokarbon alifatik dan aromatic. Kedua reaksi tersebut meningkatkan kadar senyawa heteroorganik. Semakin besar rasio berat katalis terhadap reaktan, semakin rendah viskositas produk reaksi yang dihasilkan. Bila dibandingkan dengan residu awal maka penurunan viskositas produk reaksi tanpa katalis, katalis/reaktan = 0,002; dan katalis/reaktan = 0,01 berturut-turut 3,00%, 3,33%, dan 6,00%. Semakin besar rasio berat residu : akuades, semakin rendah viskositas produk reaksi yang dihasilkan. Bila dibandingkan dengan residu awal maka penurunan viskositas produk reaksi rasio berat katalis : akuades = 2,33 dan 0,43 berturut-turut 6,00% dan 19,76%. Waktu reaksi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penurunan viskositas produk reaksi pada kondisi percobaan. Hal tersebut dimungkinkan karena aktivitas katalis menurun seiring dengan penambahan waktu reaksi.
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