Keunggulan, Tantangan, dan Rekomendasi Kebijakan akan Pengembangan Energi Panas Bumi di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37525/mz/2020-2/263Keywords:
panas bumi, transisi energi, energi terbarukan, kebijakan, IndonesiaAbstract
Sebagai negara yang duduk di wilayah Cincin Api Pasifik, Indonesia merupakan negara kedua terbesar yang memiliki potensi energi panas bumi di dunia. Energi panas bumi merupakan salah satu jenis energi terbarukan yang bersih sehingga tidak hanya dapat menurunkan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) nasional namun juga menjaga suplai energi listrik di masa mendatang. Melalui Rencana Umum Energi Nasional (RUEN), pemerintah Indonesia menargetkan pembangunan kapasitas Pembangkit Listrik Panas Bumi (PLTP) sebesar 7200 MW pada tahun 2025. Namun, per tahun 2020, Indonesia baru mampu membangun kapasitas PLTP dengan total nilai sekitar 2100 MW. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti beberapa keunggulan yang dimiliki energi panas bumi dibandingkan jenis energi terbarukan lainnya, yaitu karakteristik alaminya yang ramah lingkungan, tidak bersifat intermittent, dapat dijadikan sebagai base load, dan tidak membutuhkan luas area yang besar. Selain itu, studi ini juga membahas mengenai kendala terbesar yang menyebabkan lambannya pertumbuhan kapasitas PLTP dan memberikan rekomendasi strategis yang dapat diambil oleh pemerintah dalam menghadapi kendala terbesar tersebut. Hasil studi ini memperlihatkan bahwa kendala terbesar dalam pengembangan PLTP terdapat pada tahap awal eksplorasi. Beberapa upaya telah dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia dalam mendukung kegiatan eksplorasi panas bumi. Namun studi ini berargumen bahwa masih terdapat beberapa langkah yang dapat diambil pemerintah untuk lebih mendukung kegiatan eksplorasi panas bumi di Indonesia seperti pendirian badan eksplorasi panas bumi serta pembiayaan kegiatan eksplorasi. Rekomendasi kebijakan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi terobosan langkah pemerintah Indonesia dalam pencapaian target PLTP 7200 MW pada tahun 2025.
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